Macbeth - Supernatural Theme Essays - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth - Supernatural Theme The nearness of extraordinary powers in William Shakespeares, Macbeth, accommodates a significant part of the plays emotional pressure and the mounting tension. A few extraordinary spirits all through the play significantly influence Macbeth and the abhorrent powers in the long run guarantee Macbeth and demolish his ethics. Macbeths aspiration was driven by the predictions of the three witches and dissimilar to Banquo, he was eager to successfully guarantee that they really come to pass. Macbeth is astonished at the thought of slaughtering Duncan, his King and brother, yet he in the long run surrenders to the malevolent powers and this prompts his destruction. Macbeth further trade offs his respect by masterminding the homicide of his closest companion, Banquo. Banquos places Macbeth in a problematic circumstance; he is profoundly dug in doubt and its absolutely impossible out. Macbeths vision of Banquos apparition at a regal meal just drives him closer to madness. Macbeth has changed significantly as a character all through the play. Macbeth was tormented with regret after Duncans murder however after becoming aware of Banquos fruitful death he is happy. His vaulting desire was driving him to extraordinary measures and he could never really decrease it. Macbeth had taken a chance with his life to achieve the seat and he had no real option except to utilize Machiavellian practices to hold it. The presence of Banquos apparition at the illustrious dinner appalls Macbeth. Shakespeare splendidly utilizes incongruity to make Banquos rise exceptionally sensational: Macbeth: Fail not our dining experience. Banquo: My master, I won't. (III, I, ll 28-29) Banquos appearance gives knowledge into the character of Macbeth. It shows the level that Macbeths mind has recessed to. His ethical quality is declining and despite the fact that he is fighting his still, small voice, the abhorrent powers have beaten his every idea and activity. Banquos apparition just appears to Macbeth and it speaks to his extraordinary blame. In spite of the fact that he may have lost his respect he despite everything is experiencing difficulty getting a charge out of the crown when he achieved it by such despicable conditions. I have an unusual sickness, which is nothing/To those that know me (III, iv, ll 86-87). Macbeth might be subliminally alluding to his still, small voice that has tormented him since the main appearance of the three peculiar sisters. Banquos phantom shows up during the feast since it accommodates an amazingly intense scene. Macbeth is hollowed in an interior clash and is so tormented by blame that he could admit to his activities whenever. The pressure just ascents as Macbeth endures a breakdown and disintegrates before many recognized visitors, just elevating any earlier doubts they may have had. On the off chance that Banquo didnt show up during the scene, Macbeth would just stay content that his companion had been killed realizing that the assignment of keeping Banquos kids off the seat had developed a lot simpler. Banquos appearance assists with depicting Macbeth as a character since it shows that despite the fact that he has lost a large portion of his respectability, he despite everything is beset and profoundly influenced by the presence of his expired companion. Banquos surfacing is just a case of a significant subject in Macbeth, the heavenly. Macbeth is an amazing however defective character and the nearness of these shrewd powers entice him and plant the seed that prompts his own devastation. In spite of being an impressive warrior, Macbeth isn't introduced from the start as somebody with a characteristic demeanor to submit murder. Macbeth is from the start careful about the prophetic messages from the three witches yet after hearing that he will be given the title of Thane of Cawdor, he is persuaded that the seat is in his future. The witches can dirty Macbeths considerations since his ethics were not sufficiently able to withstand the enticement. Woman Macbeth is additionally a fundamental character in that she can convince Macbeth to carry out such abominable wrongdoings. To boggle the time,/Look like the time; bear welcome in your eye,/Your hand, your tongue: look the honest bloom,/But be the snake undert (I, v, ll 61-64). The heavenly powers in the play are a lot more grounded than the individual characters. The witches might be abhorrent yet their predictions pass on truth. The detestable powers that in the end guarantee him degenerate Macbeth. The witches may a case of the insidious powers at work in the play, however Macbeth is the culprit.

Lucy Essay free essay sample

We as a whole understand that us people have a type of connection to gorillas and chimpanzees, however what developed us from them to turning out to be bipedal primates? In this exposition I will instill you about the development of people, the enrapturing revelation of Lucy, an Australopithecus afarensis, and how her revealing of another species is so essential to our progression. Lucy is our most seasoned, most complete human precursor and it lead to a disputable change in our perspective on human inceptions. Lucy is a 3. 15 multi year old female primate, of the class Australopithecus, whose skeleton was revealed on November 24, 1974 by Donald C. Johanson and Tom Gray in the Hadar area of Ethiopia. Donald Johanson’s first disclosure comprised of a couple of bits of a knee bone. He sent the issues that remains to be worked out Lovejoy, who was an anatomist and low maintenance scientific master. He at that point inspected the bone sections and reasoned that they seemed human, that the joint could â€Å"lock†, which implied the creature could walk upstanding. We will compose a custom article test on Lucy Essay or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This was a significant disclosure indicating an antiquated bipedal animal. They named their disclosure, Lucy concerning the notable Beatles tune Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, which played again and again as they praised their discoveries. While just 40% of the skeleton was discovered, this revealing of Lucy was entrancing and responded to numerous inquiries to our human advancement since it was the missing connection among gorillas and the childhood of primates. The pioneers called Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis which represents â€Å"southern chimp of the Afar region†. This variety was probably the soonest specie of primates; the group of bipedal primates likewise incorporates homo hablis and homo erectus. While Australopithecus and Homo species differ from multiple points of view, the two primates share basic qualities that characterize them as a gathering. The most particular of these characteristics is bipedal movement, which implies they could walk upstanding rather on being down on the ground like primates. The specific and progressive attributes of Lucy is that she had a little skull, a bipedal knee structure, molars, and front teeth of human structure and size. Lucy’s skeleton demonstrates that her sort was bipedal by the state of her pelvis and the point the femur takes from the hip attachment to the knee joint. From her midsection down she was primate, and from her midriff up she was still gorilla, as her skull was as yet the size of a chimpanzee. Her cerebrum size fluctuates in go from 365 to 385 cubic centimeters and had hand and engine cortex. Her species has a delayed mouth, solid temple line, and a little brow. She remained around three and a half feet high and gauged 60-65 pounds. The guys were about double the females size extending from four to four and a half feet tall. This species additionally had around 100-120 unique calls, hand motions and signals. This recommends a many-sided social and mating framework. Proof shows that she was likely youthful yet completely develop when she kicked the bucket of common causes. Her body is likely known to have sunk into a lake and more than a large number of years, the lake evaporated, covered, and solidify her bones which in the end fossilized them and safeguarded them for us to find. The next year, again at the popular site of Hadar, Ethiopia, Donald Johansons group made the momentous disclosure of the fossilized survives from somewhere in the range of 13 people, known as the â€Å"First Family†. They accepted that around then, there was a mud slide that covered and murdered huge amounts of these animals, in all age extend, from children to grown-ups, both male and females. This was accepted to be the most established proof of human predecessors living in gatherings. It had additionally furnished us with substantially more comprehension of their way of life and natural surroundings. Lucy inhabited when the Hadar locale was not a desert domain like it is today. Rather, it was believed to be increasingly similar to a forests and savannah space. A. farensis, was not absolutely primate but then not exactly human, is thought to have most likely lived in an assortment of natural surroundings. Having advanced into being bipedal as an adjustment to living in the open regions, similar to fields with hardly any trees. They were thought to take care of for seeds, berries, natural product, tubers, nuts and termites. The advantage of having the option to walk upstanding gave them the benefit of free hands to snatch food or convey their young, investigating high prairie, and building up a greater mind. Sadly for them, they had long dry seasons with no downpour which made the food source rare. Without bipedalism we wouldn’t have the option to form into the primates that we have become. The Hardy Weinberg’s condition is significant for the idea of populace hereditary qualities. All together for Hardy-Weinbergs balance of no development happening to work, the accompanying seven conditions must be met: no changes must happen so new alleles don't enter, no quality stream can happen, arbitrary mating must happen, everybody creates a similar number of posterity, the populace must be enormous so that there is no hereditary float, regular determination isn't happening, and all individuals are rearing in the populace. This condition doesn't work with people since we don't arbitrarily mate. Generally people pick a life partner who has constructive characteristics that they like, which can incorporate character, taste, alluring, great with kids, knowledge, now and then race/shading, tallness, humor, and so forth. In Lucy terms they would need somebody who is a decent tracker, supplier, and brilliant yet they wouldn’t get that choice of being demanding in light of the fact that they couldn’t make a trip far to determination their unconventional mate. Likewise, regular choice happens constantly just as transformations yet most are not unsafe. So if you somehow happened to apply this to the A. afarensis, the greater part would invalidate this condition. A. afarensis were likewise acceptable at apparatus making. They utilized horns and bones as instruments yet not as weapons, the same number of individuals however they did. Likewise, they would utilize some stone instruments that were known to be the breaking day break to human innovation. Their primary predators were â€Å"big cats†, for example, lions and panthers. They had practically zero insurance which made them simple prey. Panthers were incredible climbers however they couldn't move just as gorillas which made it difficult to get away. Likewise the lions are understanding animals, so they would hold up under the tree until they would could down and afterward they would eat them. Inevitably, the strong A. afarensis, a. boisei, a. robustus and a. aeithiopicus would go wiped out yet the gracile Homo Habilis, which was found 2. 6 million years back by Lewis Leaky, would proceed to turn into our predecessors. In Africa, a portion of the creatures that depended on woods vanished on the grounds that it was excessively dry. For instance, during this period Lucy had vanished in light of the fact that this species cannot get by in that circumstance. Be that as it may, different species developed by investigating distinctive dietary sources that were accessible in that time. For instance, many developed physical adjustments to nibble on the new types of vegetation considered grass that colonized the deforested territory. The equivalent appears to have happened to our predecessors, who had recently depended on timberland nourishments, for example, delicate organic product. We simply continued advancing as the a great many years passed by and adjusting to new conditions. In this article, as should be obvious, Lucy was a shocking disclosure and was the missing connect to our childhood. This species was bipedal and primate starting from the waste, gorilla like from the midsection up. They were likewise more astute than chimps with their diverse hand and engine cortex, their instrument use, and cerebrum size. Without the consistent idea and information on development happening, our species would have never of came to fruition yet we are exceptionally lucky for this revelation and to be who we are in this present reality.

Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice Essay Visiting a New Place

Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice Essay Visiting a New Place Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice EssayThe QuestionThese days, people enjoy a lot of time away from their work and school obligations. Many people use this time to visit new places and learn about them. What do you think is the best way to learn about a place you are visiting for the first time?Going to a museumJoining a guided tour of popular attractionsVisiting a popular shopping areaTalking to a local residentWatching a local television stationUse specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Do not use memorized examples. Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample EssayIt is easier to travel than ever before, so more and more people take long vacations every year. I am of the belief that visiting a museum is the best way to get to know a city or country we are visiting for the first time. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. To begin with, modern museums are very exciting and accessible, which means they are a great way to acquire new knowledge. These days, museums are designed to be inviting to the general public. In the past, they often contained stuffy and uninteresting exhibitions of boring artifacts, but today museums contain interactive and stimulating hands-on displays. My own experience while traveling last month in Canada is a compelling example of this. While visiting the city of Winnipeg last year, I spent an afternoon in Canada’s National Human Rights Museum. This state-of-the-art facility contains touch-screen displays, and a plethora of sensor-activated exhibits all of which delighted me. I even attended a presentation given by an expert historian that I had read about on the museum’s website the day before. My visit taught me an enormous amount about the h istory of Canada. I feel that there are manyinteractive museums all over the world nowadays and people can learn a lot from all of them.Secondly, museums dont worry about making a profit, so they provideunbiased perspectives. These days there are a lot of guided tours available to tourists, but since the operators want to keep their customers happy they might ignore some of the negative aspects of a city or country. While it is relaxing to be guided by someone else, a tour won’t teach us as much as a visit to a local museum. Ten years ago, I was fortunate enough to visit theEuropean country of Sokovia. The person who guided my tour of the capital city there was a gregarious person and entertained my family with a lot of hilarious jokes, but I felt that his tour was a little superficial. When we visited the State Museum a few days later, we were able to see an exhibit about the Sokovian Civil War, which occurred in theearly twentieth century.It honestly highlighted some of the nega tive actions take by the country’s government. Had I not visited the museum, I wouldn’t have learned anything about that period of time.In conclusion, I strongly believe that people should visit museums when they take a holiday. This is because museums are usually designed to be fun and interactive, and because they can provide a totally honestpicture of a country’s history. (430words)Note:This is a sample TOEFL essay written by a native speaker. It follows ourTOEFL Writing templatesfor independent essays. If it is useful, please remember that we havemany more sample essaysfor you to read!

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever and Ebola Virus Species - 2359 Words

What is Ebola hemorrhagic fever? Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola HF) is a severe, often-fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees) that has appeared sporadically since its initial recognition in 1976. The disease is caused by infection with Ebola virus, named after a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) in Africa, where it was first recognized. The virus is one of two members of a family of RNA viruses called the Filoviridae. There are five identified subtypes of Ebola virus. Four of the five have caused disease in humans: Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Ivory Coast and Ebola-Bundibugyo. The fifth, Ebola-Reston, has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans.†¦show more content†¦Persons tested later in the course of the disease or after recovery can be tested for IgM and IgG antibodies; the disease can also be diagnosed retrospectively in deceased patients by using immunohistochemistry testing, vir us isolation, or PCR. How is Ebola hemorrhagic fever treated? There is no standard treatment for Ebola HF. Patients receive supportive therapy. This consists of balancing the patient’s fluids and electrolytes, maintaining their oxygen status and blood pressure, and treating them for any complicating infections. How is Ebola hemorrhagic fever prevented? The prevention of Ebola HF in Africa presents many challenges. Because the identity and location of the natural reservoir of Ebola virus are unknown, there are few established primary prevention measures. If cases of the disease do appear, current social and economic conditions often favor the spread of an epidemic within health-care facilities. Therefore, health-care providers must be able to recognize a case of Ebola HF should one appear. They must also have the capability to perform diagnostic tests and be ready to employ practical viral hemorrhagic fever isolation precautions, or barrier nursing techniques. These techniques include the wearing of protective clothing, such as masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles; the use of infection-control measures, including complete equipment sterilization; and the isolation of Ebola HF patients from contact with unprotectedShow MoreRelatedEbola Essay851 Words   |  4 PagesEbola Impact on Human Health amp; Hygiene Essay Historically Ebola has had a serious impact on human health and hygiene and still does due to the fact of no vaccine or treatment being discovered, but thanks to improvements in scientific and medical knowledge the virus itself is now controllable. Ebola is the virus Ebolavirus (EBOV), a viral genus, and the disease Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). The virus is named after the Ebola River Valley in the DemocraticRead MoreOutbreak of Ebola792 Words   |  3 PagesEbola was first recognized in 1976 as the cause of outbreaks of disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as Zaire) and in Sudan. About three hundred people in each of the two nations were infected with the virus, resulting in a mortality rate of 88% in Zaire, and 53% in Sudan (Bulletin of the WHO 1978). The disease as it was discovered spread through direct contact of unmans to humans, and then thought, from non-human primates to humans. The epidemic was a result of unsafe andRead MoreEbola Virus Disease : History, Transmission Pathogenesis951 Words   |  4 PagesEbola Virus Disease: History, Transmission Pathogenesis The Ebola virus disease (EVD) was initially discovered in 1976; which originated from the Ebola River Valley in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). EVD is a severe, often fatal disease affecting humans, and nonhuman primates. Outbreaks occur in Africa affecting mostly the central and western portions of the continent. Formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, but the recent outbreak illustrates viruses’ ability to manifest itself withoutRead MoreEssay about Bioterrorism - Viral Hemorrhagic Fever2177 Words   |  9 PagesBioterrorism - Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Abstract Viral hemorrhagic fever is one of the most feared diseases of todays time. Although most people have heard of anthrax, smallpox and the plague, viral hemorrhagic fever has become a potent weapon used for bioterrorism, silently killing its victims and instilling fear in the rest of the population. Viral hemorrhagic fever can be divided into 4 families. Although each family of viral hemorrhagic fever may have some of its own unique characteristicsRead MoreThe Ebola Virus1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ebola Virus A virus is an ultramicroscopic infectious organism that, having no independent metabolic activity, can replicate only within a cell of another host organism. A virus consists of a core of nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA, surrounded by a coating of antigenic protein and sometimes a lipid layer surrounds it as well. The virus provides the genetic code for replication, and the host cell provides the necessary energy and raw materials. There are more than 200 viruses thatRead MoreThe Ebola Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages In the year 1976, Ebola climbed out of its unknown hiding place, and caused the death of 340 people. Fear gripped the victims faces, and uncertainty tortured their minds. The people of Zaire waited outside clinics, churches and in their homes for a treatment of the horrible disease, but there was no cure. They were forced to watch people die, hoping that they would be saved from the violent death of the Ebola virus. From the year of 1976 to the present date of 1996, researchers have searched forRead More The Worlds Fight Against Microbes Essay2236 Words   |  9 Pagespolitical action and/or inaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viral hemorrhagic fevers are a group of diseases caused by viruses from four distinct families of viruses: filoviruses, arenaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses. The usual hosts for most of these viruses are rodents or arthropods, and in some viruses, such as the Ebola virus, the natural host is not known. All forms of viral hemorrhagic fever begin with fever and muscle aches, and depending on the particular virus, the disease can progress until the Read MoreEssay on virus1077 Words   |  5 Pages Virus Overview nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The virus was first thought about in 1883 when A. Mayer was seeking to find the cause of the tobacco mosaic disease. Though he was unable to see them with the microscopy of his day, he postulated that a small agent caused the disease. D. Ivanowsky, later tried tests as well and also concluded that it was a disease caused by something smaller than they could see. The virus was first found and discovered in 1935 by Wendell Stanly. He was ableRead MoreDiagnosis And Therapeutic Strategies Of Ebola Virus1480 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica (2013 - 2015), there has been a considerable amount of research done to further the development of the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of the Ebola virus. Methods for detecting the virus have improved drastically. From the initial stage of simply identifying the virus as a whole, diagnosis can now define the specific species of the virus. Diagnosis processes developed over the years are those that involve Cell Culture, Antibod y Detection, Protein Antigen Detection, Conventional RT-PCR, andRead MoreEbola Virus Disease And Its Effects1043 Words   |  5 PagesEbola Virus Disease is often referred to as a virus that causes severe bleeding, organ failure, and can lead to death. It was formally known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Ebola can cause disease in humans and also in non-human species, such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Altogether, information about Ebola Virus Disease will include: the background, transmission, symptoms and diagnosis, and treatment and prevention. Ebola Virus Disease was given it s name from the Ebola River in the Democratic

Lifestyle Modifications Provider Adherence - 1492 Words

Lifestyle Modifications: Provider Adherence to JNC7 Guidelines Introduction Hypertension, a condition more commonly known as high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for many medical diseases and comorbidities. Hypertension affects 1 of 3 American adults each year, leading to comorbidities such as heart disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney disease. The treatment of hypertension totals $46 billion annually (CDC High Blood Pressure Facts, 2015). Clinical treatment guidelines, developed in 2003 by The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7), were established for clinician management of hypertensive patients. The JNC 7 produces a standard of care in classification and treatment of hypertension, establishing standards for providers to educate their hypertensive patients in areas such as lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatment. The JNC 7 recommends that lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and exercise, be the preliminary treatment plan for lowering blood pressure and specifically recommends a diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables and low fat dairy products as outlined in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (C. Hobanian et al., 2003). More currently, JNC7 recommendations have been modified in the Eighth Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 8), increasing the baseline blood pressure goal (Sessoms, Reid, Williams, Show MoreRelatedDiabetes : A Common And Well Known Disease1564 Words   |  7 Pagescommon and well-known disease in the US. Healthcare providers manage the care of patients daily as both direct and indirect effects of diabetes contribute to their poor health. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is characterized by high blood sugar levels as a result of insulin resistance. The risk factors associated with an increasing prevalence in the US includes genetics, family history, poor eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity.1 Healthcare providers are challenged to assess each diab etic patient’sRead MoreDeveloping The Strategy For Children With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1580 Words   |  7 Pagesby outlining various factors related to problems of diabetes regimen adherence. Therefore, issues such as demographics, psychological and social factors are of concern, alongside other factors such as medical systems, healthcare providers, and factors related to disease and treatment (Chesanow, 2014). Of course the best way to address the challenges of noncompliance is to implement an educational protocol to improve adherence. Through this protocol, we can determine the patient s perceived seriousnessRead MoreThe Importance Of Diabetes1529 Words   |  7 Pagesin the Elderly: Effects of Pharmacologic Versus Exercise and Diet Interventions Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) type II is a disease that is prevalently found within the older adult population. Type II diabetes is typically managed through lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, along with oral medications and insulin to help achieve the intended blood glucose. According to the American Diabetes Association, as people get older, their risk for type II diabetes increases and in fact, oneRead MoreHeart Failure And The Elderly Population1608 Words   |  7 PagesHeart failure is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly population. There are ways to help manage heart failure like lifestyle modifications and use of pharmacology, and assessment for surgical intervention. Treatment of heart failure requires intensive medical, dietary, behavioral, and lifestyle modification to achieve improved quality of life, fewer hospitalizations, and decreased mortality (Singh, H., McGregor, Nigro, Higginson, and Larsen, 2014). Heart failure is a complex condition thatRead MoreJNC1 Data Collection Methodology806 Words   |  4 Pagesas the process of maintaining health through the use of health-promoting practices and the self-management of illness in both healthy and ill states (Wonggom, Tongpeth, Newman, Du, Clark, 2016). Treatment compliance is defined as adherence to lifestyle modification recommendations as noted in the JNC-7 guidelines which includes weight loss or maintenance of ideal body weight (BMI of 18.5-24.9kg/m2), eating low fat foods and diet rich in fruits and vegetables, limiting sodium intake to 2.4G/dayRead MorePharmaceutical Treatment Vs. Lifestyle Modification913 Words   |  4 Pagesof Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults. However, the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline has still not gained multinational acceptance among providers (Stone, 2014). Pharmaceutical treatment versus lifestyle modification has been a controversy among the scientific community (Sin atra, 2014). Provider adherence to the 2013 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guideline in order to achieve universal standard of care remains a challenge. The recent guideline represents a major shift from priorRead MoreHealth Disease Choice : Diabetes802 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact the optimal glycemic control and reduce the risk for complications. A multidisciplinary approach is vital in the delivery of nutritional care. To maximize the benefit of nutritional care, it must be individualized, accounting the patient’s lifestyle and beliefs, preferences, and willingness to change. The nutrition guidelines emphasized diets low in saturated fats, increase intake of fiber and multigrain foods, low fat dairy foods, and avoid processed meat products. To significantly reduce theRead MoreComplementary And Alternative Therapy Treatment870 Words   |  4 Pagesthe benefits are resounding for increasing quality of life and overall health. Lifestyle Choices While medication adherence, cultural sensitivity, and patient-centered care are important, it is equally important to consider the lifestyle choices of patients. The role of the nurse is to take into consideration the patient’s diet choices, exercise routine or lack of, and overall habits in general. Lifestyle modifications to improve hypertension in special patient populations could include encouragingRead MoreA Short Note On The Elderly Population : A Final Review Of Literature Synthesis1332 Words   |  6 PagesGrossman, Migliardi, and Swallow, 2014). Heart failure is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly population. There are ways to help manage heart failure like lifestyle modifications and use of pharmacology, and assessment for surgical intervention. Treatment of heart failure requires intensive medical, dietary, behavioral, and lifestyle modification to achieve improved quality of life, fewer hospitalizations, and decreased mortality (Singh, H., McGregor, Nigro, Higginson, and Larsen, 2014). SynthesisRead MoreEthical Decision # 5 : Uncooperating Patient Essay872 Words   |  4 Pageshowever despite the adherence to the therapy, she was frequently hospitalized due to the ketoacidosis episodes. After she joined the diabetic program, she was better able to manage her life-style choices which help her to accomplish better therapeutic outcomes. Regrettably three years ago, Ms. Dennis went through a dreadful divorce followed by a loss of her executive position. Since then, she has been noncompliant with her insulin therapy as well as with her lifestyle modifications. She started to abuse

Addmaths Free Essays

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2/2012 â€Å"INDEX NUMBER† NAME: Lio Xing Ying Class: 5I I. C. No:950818-13-6166 School: SMK Marudi TEACHER:Miss Tie Yien Mee Teacher’s signature: CONTENT CHAPTERS| TITLES| PAGES| 1| CONTENT| 2| 2| APPRECIATION| 4| 3| OBJECTIVES| 6| 4| INTRODUCTION| 8| 5| PART A| 11| 6| PART B| 15| 7| PART C| 19| 8| PART D| 24| 9| FURTHER EXPLORATION| 26| 10| CONCLUSION| 28| 11| REFLECTION| 30| APPRECIATION First of all, I would like to thank God for giving us energy, strength and health to carry out this project work. We will write a custom essay sample on Addmaths or any similar topic only for you Order Now Next, I would like to thank our school for giving us the chance to create this project work. School also provides me the space to discuss and carry out this project work. Not forgetting my beloved parents who provided everything needed in this project work, such as money, Internet, books, computer and so on. They contribute their time and spirit on sharing their experience with me. Their support may raise the spirit in me to do this project work smoothly. After that, I would like to thank our Additional Mathematics teacher, Miss Tie Yien Mee for guiding me throughout this project. When I face some difficulties on doing tasks, she will try her best to teach me patiently until I have done the project work. Then, I would like to thank the proprietor of the shop who was willing to share their experience on business activity and the experience on saving money with me. Lastly, I would like to thank my classmates who shared ideas and providing some helps on solving problems. We help each other until we finished this project work. OBJECTIVES All of our students in 5I are required to carry out an Additional Mathematics Project Work during mid-term holiday. This project is done individually. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, I gain valuable experiences and able to: * Solve routine and non-routine problems. Improve thinking skills. * Knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems. * Expressing ones mathematical thinking, reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected. * Stimulates and enhances effective learning. * Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing and to use the language of mathemat ics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely. * Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving in ways that increase interest and confidence. Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace. * Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics. * Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment. * Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively. * Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more creative and innovative. Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics. INTRODUCTION INDEX An index number is a percentage ratio of prices, quantities or values comparing two time periods or two points in time. The time period that serves as a basis for the compari son is called the base period and the period that is compared to the base period is called the given or current period. A price index measures the change in the money value of an item (or group of items) over time whereas a quantity index measures the non-monetary value of an item (or a group of items) over time. An index number that represents a percentage comparison of the number of cars sold in a given month as compared with that of a base month is a quantity index. A price index represents a comparison of prices between two time periods and, finally, a value index is one that represents a comparison of the total value of production or sales in two time periods without regard to whether the observed difference is a result of differences in quantity, price or both. Index numbers are also differentiated according to the number of commodities or products included in the comparison. A simple index, also known as a relative, is a comparison involving only one item but an index whose calculation is based on several items is known as an aggregate or composite index. A very famous example of a composite index is the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which measures the changes in costs in the items of expenditure of the average household. In  economics  and  finance, an index is a statistical measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points. These data may be derived from any number of sources, including company performance, prices, productivity, and employment. Economic indices (index, plural) track economic health from different perspectives. Influential global financial indices such as the  Global Dow, and the NASDAQ Composite  track the performance of selected large and powerful companies in order to evaluate and predict economic trends. The  Dow Jones Industrial Average  and the  SP 500  primarily track U. S. markets, though some legacy international companies are included. The Consumer  Price Index  tracks the variation in prices for different consumer goods and services over time in a constant geographical location, and is integral to calculations used to djust salaries, bond interest rates, and tax thresholds for inflation. The GDP Deflator  Index, or real GDP, measures the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. Market performance indices include the  labour market index / job index  and proprietary  stock market index  investment instruments offered by   brokerage houses. Some indices display market variations that cannot be captured in other ways. For example, the  Economist  provides a  Big Mac Index that expresses the adjusted cost of a globally ubiquitous Big Mac as a percentage over or under the cost of a Big Mac in the U. S. with a U. S. dollar (estimated: $3. 57). Norway prices reflect most relatively expensive Big Mac, at an 84% increase over U. S. prices, or $6. 5725 U. S. The least relatively expensive Big Mac price occurs in Hong Kong, at a 52% reduction from U. S. prices, or $1. 71 U. S. The Big Mac index is used to predict currency values. From this example, it would be assumed that Hong Kong currency is undervalued, and provides a currency investment opportunity. An index number is a percentage ratio of prices, quantities or values comparing two time periods or two points in time. The time period that serves as a basis for the comparison is called the base period and the period that is compared to the base period is called the given or current period. A price index measures the change in the money value of an item (or group of items) over time whereas a quantity index measures the non-monetary value of an item (or a group of items) over time. An index number that represents a percentage comparison of the number of cars sold in a given month as compared with that of a base month is a quantity index. A price index represents a comparison of prices between two time periods and, finally, a value index is one that represents a comparison of the total value of production or sales in two time periods without regard to whether the observed difference is a result of differences in quantity, price or both. Index numbers are also differentiated according to the number of commodities or products included in the comparison. A simple index, also known as a relative, is a comparison involving only one item but an index whose calculation is based on several items is known as an aggregate or composite index. A very famous example of a composite index is the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which measures the changes in costs in the items of expenditure of the average household. PART A The school Cooperative in one of the schools in your area made a profit of RM 50000 in the year 2011. The cooperative plans to keep the money in a fixed deposit account in a bank for one year. The interest collected at the end of this period will be the poor students in the school. As a member of Board of Cooperative you are to find the total interest which can be collected from different banks. Given below are the interest rates offered by 3 different banks: Bank A, Bank B and Bank C. You are to calculate the interest that can be obtained based on the given rates, if the money is to be kept in the bank for a period of one year for monthly auto renewable, three months auto renewable, six months auto renewable and twelve months auto renewable without withdrawal. Compare and discuss which bank will you choose and explain why. PERIOD| BANK A (% p. a. )| BANK B (% p. a. )| BANK C (% p. a. )| 1 MONTH| 3. 10| 3. 00| 3. 00| 2 MONTH| 3. 10| 3. 00| 3. 00| 3 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 5| 3. 05| 4 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 05| 3. 05| 5 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 10| 3. 05| 6 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 7 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 8 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 9 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 10 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 11 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 12 MONTH| 3. 25| 3. 15| 3. 20| Solution by Geometric Progression Solution Tn = arn–1 r = Tn+1Tn a = 50 000 BANK A * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 031013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 031012 = 72 123. 03397 = 72 123. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 15100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0315 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03155-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03154 = 56 603. 9754 = 56 604. 00 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 20 100 = 103. 20100 = 1. 0320 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03203-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03202 = 53 251. 20 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 25100 = 103. 25100 = 1. 0325 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 03252-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03251 = 51 625. 00 Bank B * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 00100 = 103. 00100 = 1. 0300 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 030013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 030012 = 71 288. 04434 = 71 288. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 05100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0315 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03055-1 50 000 x 1. 03054 = 56 384. 79279 = 56 384. 80 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10 100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03103-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03102 = 53 148. 05 = 53 148. 00 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 15100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0325 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 03152-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03151 = 51 575. 00 BANK C * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 00100 = 103. 00100 = 1. 0300 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 030013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 030012 = 71 288. 04434 = 71 288. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 05100 = 103. 05100 = 1. 0305 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03055-1 = 50 000 x 1. 3054 = 56 384. 79279 = 56 384. 80 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10 100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03103-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03102 = 53 148. 05 = 53 148. 00 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 20100 = 103. 20100 = 1. 032 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 0322-1 = 50 000 x 1. 0321 = 51 600. 00 PERIOD| BANK A (RM)| BANK B (RM)| BANK C (RM)| MONTHLY RENEWABLE| 72 123. 00| 71 288. 00| 71 288. 00| THREE MONTHS RENEWABLE| 56 604. 00| 56 384. 80| 56 384. 80| SIX MONTHS RENEWABLE| 53 251. 20| 53 148. 00| 53 148. 00| TWELVE MONTHS RENEWABLE| 51 625. 00| 51 575. 00| 51 600. 0| Therefore, I will choose Bank A because the interest of Bank A is higher than Bank B and Bank C. PART B (a) The Cooperative of your school plans to provide photocopy service to the students of your school. A survey was conducted and it is found out that rental for a photo copy machine is RM 480 per month, cost for a rim of paper (500 pieces) is RM 10 and the price of a bottle of toner is RM 80 which can be used to photocopy 10 000 pieces of paper. (i) What is the cost to photocopy a piece of paper? Solution by Mathematical Solution Rental for photocopy machine/month = RM 480 Cost for a rim of paper (500 pieces) = RM 10 Price of a bottle of toner (10 000 pieces) = RM 80 Cost for a photocopy of a piece of paper = RM 80 + RM 480 + [10 000500 RM 10]10 000 = RM 0. 076 (ii) If your school cooperative can photocopy an average of 10 000 pieces per month and charges a price of 10 cent per piece, calculate the profit which can be obtained by the school cooperative. Solution by Mathematical Method Charge of a piece of photocopy of a paper = RM 0. 10 Cost for a photocopy of a piece of paper = RM 0. 076 Profit obtained = (RM 0. 10 – RM 0. 076)(10 000) = RM 240 b) For the year 2013, the cost for photocopying 10 000 pieces of paper increased due to the increase in the price of rental, toner and paper as shown in table below: (i) Calculate the percentage increase in photocopying a piece of paper based on the year 2012, using two different methods. Solution METHOD 1 by Mathematical Solution Cost of photocopy of a piece of paper in 2013 = RM 100 + RM 500 + RM24010 000 = RM 0. 084 Percentage increase = 0. 084 – 0. 0760. 076 x 100% = 10. 5263% METHOD 2 by Price Index Solution I = P1P0x 100 ? = IWW | Price Index, I| Weightage, W| Rental| 6256| 25| Toner| 125| 5| Paper| 120| 12| = 625625 + 1255 + 1201225 + 5 + 12 = 25015252 = 111. 17 Percentage increase = RM 0. 076 x 111. 17100 – 0. 0760. 076 x 100% = 10. 5263% (ii) If the school cooperative still charge the same amount for photocopying a piece of paper, how many pieces of paper should the cooperative photocopy in order to get the same amount of profit? Solution by Quadratic Equation Solution Pieces of paper should cooperative photocopy 0. 1(x) – 10 000 (0. 084) = 240 0. 1x – 840 = 240 x = 10800. 1 = 10 800 (iii) If the cooperative still maintain to photocopy the same amount of paper per month, how much profit can Cooperative obtain? Solution by Mathematical Solution Profit obtained = (RM 0. 10)(10 000) – (RM 0. 084)(10 000) = RM 160 PART C The population of the school is increasing. As a result, the school cooperative needs more space for keeping the increasing amount of stock. Therefore the school cooperative plans to expand the store-room. It is estimated that cost for renovation is RM 150 000. Make a conjecture on which is a better way for the school cooperative to pay, whether to pay the whole lump sum in cash or keep the RM 150 000 in a fixed deposit account at a rate of 6% p. a. n a bank then borrow the RM 150 000 from a bank and pay for the hire purchase for a period of 10 years with a interest rate of 4. 8% p. a. and withdraw monthly to pay for the hire purchase every beginning of a month. Make a conclusion and give your reason. (You can give your solution in table form, Excel or graph) Solution by Excel Month| Interest (%)| Total Money (RM)| Interest Rate/year (%)| Loan/month (RM)| Money Left (RM )| 1| 6. 00| 150 000| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 251 571. 84| 2| | | | 1 850. 00| 249 721. 84| 3| | | | 1 850. 00| 247 871. 84| 4| | | | 1 850. 00| 246 021. 84| 5| | | | 1 850. 0| 244 171. 84| 6| | | | 1 850. 00| 242 321. 84| 7| | | | 1 850. 00| 240 471. 84| 8| | | | 1 850. 00| 238 621. 84| 9| | | | 1 850. 00| 236 771. 84| 10| | | | 1 850. 00| 234 921. 84| 11| | | | 1 850. 00| 233 071. 84| 12| | | | 1 850. 00| 231 221. 84| 13| 6. 00| 159 000. 00| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 229 371. 84| 14| | | | 1 850. 00| 227 521. 84| 15| | | | 1 850. 00| 225 671. 84| 16| | | | 1 850. 00| 223 821. 84| 17| | | | 1 850. 00| 221 971. 84| 18| | | | 1 850. 00| 220 121. 84| 19| | | | 1 850. 00| 218 271. 84| 20| | | | 1 850. 00| 216 421. 84| 21| | | | 1 850. 00| 214 571. 84| 22| | | | 1 850. 0| 212 721. 84| 23| | | | 1 850. 00| 210 871. 84| 24| | | | 1 850. 00| 209 021. 84| 25| 6. 00| 168 540. 00| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 207 171. 84| 26| | | | 1 850. 00| 205 321. 84| 27| | | | 1 850. 00| 203 471. 84| 28| | | | 1 850. 00| 201 621 . 84| 29| | | | 1 850. 00| 199 771. 84| 30| | | | 1 850. 00| 197 921. 84| 31| | | | 1 850. 00| 196 071. 84| 32| | | | 1 850. 00| 194 221. 84| 33| | | | 1 850. 00| 192 371. 84| 34| | | | 1 850. 00| 190 521. 84| 35| | | | 1 850. 00| 188 671. 84| 36| | | | 1 850. 00| 186 821. 84| 37| 6. 00| 178 652. 40| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 184 971. 84| 38| | | | 1 850. 00| 183 121. 4| 39| | | | 1 850. 00| 181 271. 84| 40| | | | 1 850. 00| 179 421. 84| 41| | | | 1 850. 00| 177 571. 84| 42| | | | 1 850. 00| 175 721. 84| 43| | | | 1 850. 00| 173 871. 84| 44| | | | 1 850. 00| 172 021. 84| 45| | | | 1 850. 00| 170 171. 84| 46| | | | 1 850. 00| 168 321. 84| 47| | | | 1 850. 00| 166 471. 84| 48| | | | 1 850. 00| 164 621. 84| 49| 6. 00| 189 371. 54| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 162 771. 84| 50| | | | 1 850. 00| 160 921. 84| 51| | | | 1 850. 00| 159 071. 84| 52| | | | 1 850. 00| 157 221. 84| 53| | | | 1 850. 00| 155 371. 84| 54| | | | 1 850. 00| 153 521. 84| 55| | | | 1 850. 00| 151 671. 4| 56| | | | 1 850. 00| 149 821. 84| 57| | | | 1 850. 00| 147 971. 84| 58| | | | 1 850. 00| 146 121. 84| 59| | | | 1 850. 00| 144 271. 84| 60| | | | 1 850. 00| 142 421. 84| 61| 6. 00| 200 733. 84| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 140 571. 84| 62| | | | 1 850. 00| 138 721. 84| 63| | | | 1 850. 00| 136 871. 84| 64| | | | 1 850. 00| 135 021. 84| 65| | | | 1 850. 00| 133 171. 84| 66| | | | 1 850. 00| 131 321. 84| 67| | | | 1 850. 00| 129 471. 84| 68| | | | 1 850. 00| 127 621. 84| 69| | | | 1 850. 00| 125 771. 84| 70| | | | 1 850. 00| 123 921. 84| 71| | | | 1 850. 00| 122 071. 84| 72| | | | 1 850. 00| 120 221. 4| 73| 6. 00| 212 777. 87| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 118 371. 84| 74| | | | 1 850. 00| 116 521. 84| 75| | | | 1 850. 00| 114 671. 84| 76| | | | 1 850. 00| 112 821. 84| 77| | | | 1 850. 00| 110 971. 84| 78| | | | 1 850. 00| 109 121. 84| 79| | | | 1 850. 00| 107 271. 84| 80| | | | 1 850. 00| 105 421. 84| 81| | | | 1 850. 00| 103 571. 84| 81| | | | 1 850. 00| 101 721. 84| 83| | | | 1 850. 00| 99 871. 84| 84| | | | 1 850. 00| 98 021. 84| 85| 6 . 00| 225 544. 54| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 96 171. 84| 86| | | | 1 850. 00| 94 321. 84| 87| | | | 1 850. 00| 92 471. 84| 88| | | | 1 850. 00| 90 621. 84| 89| | | | 1 850. 0| 88 771. 84| 90| | | | 1 850. 00| 86 921. 84| 91| | | | 1 850. 00| 85 071. 84| 92| | | | 1 850. 00| 83 221. 84| 93| | | | 1 850. 00| 81 371. 84| 94| | | | 1 850. 00| 79 521. 84| 95| | | | 1 850. 00| 77 671. 84| 96| | | | 1 850. 00| 75 821. 84| 97| 6. 00| 239 077. 21| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 73 971. 84| 98| | | | 1 850. 00| 72 121. 84| 99| | | | 1 850. 00| 70 271. 84| 100| | | | 1 850. 00| 68 421. 84| 101| | | | 1 850. 00| 66 571. 84| 102| | | | 1 850. 00| 64 721. 84| 103| | | | 1 850. 00| 62 871. 84| 104| | | | 1 850. 00| 61 021. 84| 105| | | | 1 850. 00| 59 171. 84| 106| | | | 1 850. 0| 57 321. 84| 107| | | | 1 850. 00| 55 471. 84| 108| | | | 1 850. 00| 53 621. 84| 109| 6. 00| 253 421. 84| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 51 771. 84| 110| | | | 1 850. 00| 49 921. 84| 111| | | | 1 850. 00| 48 071. 84| 112| | | | 1 850. 00| 46 221. 84| 113| | | | 1 850. 00| 44 371. 84| 114| | | | 1 850. 00| 42 521. 84| 115| | | | 1 850. 00| 40 671. 84| 116| | | | 1 850. 00| 38 821. 84| 117| | | | 1 850. 00| 36 971. 84| 118| | | | 1 850. 00| 35 121. 84| 119| | | | 1 850. 00| 33 271. 84| 120| | | | 1 850. 00| 31 421. 84| ? Money is still left after the loan has been paid-out for the period of 10 years. That mean, keeping the RM 150 000 in a fixed deposit account then borrow the RM 150 000 from a bank is better way to expand the store-room. PART D The cooperative of the school also has another amount of RM 50 000. The cooperative plans to keep the money in a bank. The bank offered a compound interest rate of 3. 5% per annum and a simple interest rate of 5% per annum. Explain the meaning of â€Å"compound interest† and â€Å"simple interest†. Suggest a better way of keeping the money in this bank. State a suitable period for keeping the money for each plan. Explain why. Solution y Dictionary (source: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 6th Edition) Compound interest * Interest that is paid both on the original amount of money saved and on the interest that has been added to it. Simple interest * Interest that is paid only on the original amount of money that you invested, and not on any interest that is earned. Simple interest is suitable for savings in a short period. It is because of its interest is higher than compound interest and it is paid only on the original amount of money that you invested, and not on any interest that is earned. For example, when you keep RM50 000 with an interest of 5% for 2 years, then you will gain RM 5 000 after two years. So the total amount in the bank is RM 55 000 after two years. When one keeps RM 50 000 with the interest of 3. 5 % of compound interest for 2 years, then you will gain RM3 561. 25. So the total amount in the bank is RM 53 561. 25 after two years. Compound interest is suitable for savings in a long period. It is because of the original amount of money saved and on the interest that has been added to it. For example, RM50 000 for the plan of 3. 5 % of compound interest plan for 30 years then we will have RM 140 339. 9 in our saving account. But when one keeps RM 50 000 for the plan of 5 % of simple interest for 30 years, then we will only have RM 125 000 in our savings account. Therefore, it is better to save in the compound interest plan account for long-term savings and simple interest for short-term savings. FURTHER EXPLORATION When Ahmad was born, his parents investe d an amount of RM 5 000 in the Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB) for him. The interest rate offered was 8. 0% p. a. At what age will Ahmad have a saving of RM 50 000, if he keeps the money without withdrawal? Solution by Geometric Progression Tn = 50 000 r = 100 + 8. 0100 = 1. 08 a = 5 000 Tn = arn-1 Let, Tn 50 000 5 000 (1. 08n-1) 50 000 ? 1. 08n-1 10 log 1. 08n-1 log 10 (n-1) log 1. 08 log 10 n-1 log10log1. 08 n-1 29. 92 n 30. 92 The least value of n is 31, 31 – 1 = 30. by Excel Terms, Tn| Value of saves| Age of Ahmad| 1| 5000| 0| 2| 5400| 1| 3| 5832| 2| 4| 6298. 56| 3| 5| 6802. 4448| 4| 6| 7346. 640384| 5| 7| 7934. 371615| 6| 8| 8569. 121344| 7| 9| 9254. 651051| 8| 10| 9995. 023136| 9| 11| 10794. 62499| 10| 12| 11658. 19499| 11| 13| 12590. 85058| 12| 14| 13598. 11863| 13| 15| 14685. 6812| 14| 16| 15860. 84557| 15| 17| 17129. 71322| 16| 18| 18500. 09027| 17| 19| 19980. 0975| 18| 20| 21578. 5053| 19| 21| 23304. 78572| 20| 22| 25169. 16858| 21| 23| 27182. 70206| 22| 24| 29357. 31823| 23| 25| 31705. 90369| 24| 26| 34242. 37598| 25| 27| 36981. 76606| 26| 28| 39940. 30734| 27| 29| 43135. 53193| 28| 30| 46586. 37449| 29| 31| 50313. 28445| 30| ? Ahmad will have a saving of RM 50 000 at the age of 30. CONCLUSION After doing research, answering the questions, plan a table and some problem solving, we saw that usage of index number is important in our daily business activity. It is not just widely use in the business segment but also in banking skills. We learnt a lot of lesson from this Additional Mathematics Project Work such as banking account skills, loaning technique, counting the cost of a product, predict the future plans of money and so on. Without this, shopkeeper will get a lot of loses in the business activity. We would like to thanks the one who contribute the idea of index number to help us a lot in our business activity together in our daily life. REFLECTION After by spending countless hours, days and night to finish this project in this few weeks, there are several things that I want to say†¦ Additional Mathematics, The killer subject, But when I study hard, It was so easy to understand†¦ Additional Mathematics, You look so interest, So unique from the other subject, That’s why I like you so much†¦ After sacrificing my precious time, Spirit and energy for this project, And now, I realized something important from it! I really love Additional Mathematics, Additional Mathematics, You are my real friend, You are my family, And you are my life†¦ I LOVE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS!! ~ THE END ~ How to cite Addmaths, Papers

Pets Essays - Pets, Anthrozoology, Pet, Pet Adoption, Digital Pet

Julian raymond Cnare Comp 1 2/10/16 Pets Would you like to live a happy and productive life? Then get pets! I must admit it is hard to believe that domesticated animals can promote mental and physical health, but many studies have shown that they can. People who own pets have been known to lead longer and happier lives than those without them. As we get older, we become less active. The more inactive we become, the higher our risk of death. We therefore need something in our lives to keep us busy so we dont die prematurely, and a pet is just the thing to do it. This is probably because of the companionship, exercise, and responsibility that they provide. On the other hand, you must find a pet that is compatible with you or with your life style. Maintaining good mental health is crucial for living a normal life.Apart from that, owning a pet forces one to take on the responsibility of keeping it alive. Ones pet must be fed, watered, and kept healthy. Doing this requires us to move about. Whether one walks across the house or merely to the birdcage in the corner, said someone is moving. This small bit of motion will at least prevent muscular atrophy.Many pets will also require a walk to be happy and healthy. This gives one a steady cardiovascular workout. There are many reasons owning a pet can increase ones life span. Pets provide responsibility, exercise, and most importantly, companionship. Remember that pets can keep you healthy and happy.

Shakespeares Fair Youth Sonnets

Shakespeares Fair Youth Sonnets The first of Shakespeares 126 sonnets are addressed to a young man – described as the â€Å"fair youth† – and reveal a deep, loving friendship. The speaker encourages the friend to procreate so that his youthful beauty can be carried on through his children. The speaker also believes that the man’s beauty can be preserved in his poetry, as the final couplet of Sonnet 17 reveals: But were some child of yours alive that time, [in the future]You should live twice: in it, and in my rhyme. Some believe that the intimacy of the relationship between the speaker and the young man is evidence of Shakespeare’s homosexuality. However, this is probably a very modern reading of a classical text. There was no public reaction to the relationship when the sonnets were first published by Thomas Thorpe in 1609, suggesting that the expression of a deep friendship through such language was perfectly acceptable in Shakespeares time. It was perhaps more shocking to the Victorian sensibility. Top 5 Most Popular Fair Youth Sonnets: Sonnet 1: From Fairest Creatures We Desire Increase Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee To A Summers Day? Sonnet 29: When In Disgrace With Fortune and Mens EyesSonnet 73: That Time Of Year Thou Mayst In Me Behold Sonnet 116: Let Me Not To The Marriage Of True Minds A full list of the Fair Youth Sonnets (Sonnets 1 – 126) is also available.

Fannie Farmer, Cookbook Author and Domestic Scientist

Fannie Farmer, Cookbook Author and Domestic Scientist Fannie Farmer Facts Known for: her famous cookbook, in which accurate measurements were introducedOccupation: cookbook author, educator, domestic scientistDates: March 23, 1857 - January 15, 1915Also known as: Fannie Merrit Farmer, Fannie Merritt Farmer Fannie Farmer Biography The publication of Fannie Farmers 1896 cookbook, The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book, was an event in cooking history and in making domestic life a bit easier for family cooks, most of whom were women: she included very specific and accurate measurements. Before that cookbook, ingredient lists were estimates. Your results will vary was a phrase yet to become popular, but it sure described the older style recipes! Just as Marion Cunningham has in recent years edited the Fannie Farmer Cookbook so it can be revised to take into account newer preparation techniques and newer dietary preferences, so Fannie Farmer herself was adapting an older cookbook. Fannie Farmers parents, active Unitarians, lived just outside Boston. Her father, John Franklin Farmer, was a printer.   Her mother was Mary Watson Merritt Farmer. During her high school years in Massachusetts, Fannie Farmer (who never married) suffered a stroke with paralysis, or perhaps was stricken with polio.   She had to discontinue her education. After recovering some of her movement and being confined to bed for months, she worked as a mothers helper, where she learned her interest in and aptitude for cooking. Boston Cooking-School With her parents support and the encouragement of her employers, the Shaws, Fannie Farmer studied cooking under Mary J. Lincoln at the Boston Cooking-School. Lincoln published the Boston Cooking-School Cook Book, used in cooking schools which were at the time primarily aimed towards training professional cooks who would be servants to the upper middle class. The rising middle class, and the rise in the number of women who wanted to treat homemaking as their domestic profession in other words, more seriously and scientifically also found the cookbook useful. Fannie Farmer graduated from Lincolns school in 1889, remained as assistant director, and became director in 1894.   Her personality helped to draw students to the school. Fannie Farmers Cookbook Fannie Farmer revised and reissued the Boston Cooking-School  cookbook in 1896, with her improvements. She standardized measurements and thereby made the results more dependable.   The standardization of measurements in household cooking was a great advance to home cooking, and made food preparation easier for those who had not devoted time to attend cooking school. In 1902, Fannie Farmer left the Boston Cooking School to open Miss Farmers School of Cookery, aimed not at professional cooks but at training housewives. She was a frequent lecturer on domestic topics, and wrote several more cooking-related books before she died in Boston in 1915. The school continued until 1944. Selected Fannie Farmer Quotations With the progress of knowledge the needs of the human body have not been forgotten. During the last decade much time has been given by scientists to the study of foods and their dietetic value, and it is a subject which rightfully should demand much consideration from all. I certainly feel that the time is not far distant when a knowledge of the principles of diet will be an essential part of ones education. Then mankind will eat to live, be able to do better mental and physical work, and disease will be less frequent. Progress in civilization has been accompanied by progress in cookery. Fannie Farmer Bibliography The 1896 Boston Cooking-School Cookbook, Fannie Merritt Farmer. Hardcover, September 1997. (reproduction) Original 1896 Boston Cooking School Cookbook Boston Cooking School Cook Book: A Reprint of the 1883 Classic, D. A. Lincoln. Paperback, July 1996. (reproduction) Chafing Dish Possibilities, Fannie Merritt Farmer, 1898. Food and Cookery for the Sick and Convalescent, Fannie Merritt Farmer, 1904. What to Have for Dinner, Fannie Merritt Farmer, 1905. Catering for Special Occasions, with Menus and Recipes, Fannie Merritt Farmer, 1911. A New Book of Cookery, Fannie Merritt Farmer, 1912. Bibliography: Related The Fannie Farmer Cookbook, Marion Cunningham. Hardcover, September 1996. The American Frugal Housewife, Lydia Maria Child. Paperback, December 1999. (reproduction: originally published 1832-1845 an earlier attempt at making homemaking more scientific)

The management of oil & gas revenue in Norway Essay

The management of oil & gas revenue in Norway - Essay Example The development of Norwegian and Norwegian based petroleum expertise has been an important factor in Norwegian petroleum policy. (Karl 1997) Initially, there was a strong element of knowledge transfer from foreign oil companies and supply/service companies, but today Norway has a highly developed and internationally competitive petroleum industry. This applies to oil companies, the supply industry and research institutions alike. The industry provides a powerful boost for innovation and technology development to other sectors of the Norwegian economy. (Smith 2004: 234)Supply companies in Norway are active along most of the supply chain - from exploration and development to production and disposal. In a number of areas, Norwegian suppliers are among the world leaders, in particular in seismic surveying, subsea installations and floating production systems. They are present in all of the country's counties. Local and regional economies have petroleum activities that extend to a relativ ely high degree even to areas of the country not normally associated with petroleum activities. The Norwegian Directorate of Labour's latest survey, from 2003, showed that more than 75,000 people are employed in the petroleum industry in Norway. (Smith 2004: 234)Al-Moneef (1998) examines the vertical integration strategies of the national oil companies (NOC). With the changes in the market structure from an oligopolistic (international oil majors in control) to a cartel (the governments of OPEC in control) ultimately led to a separation.

Education Standards in Kentucky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Education Standards in Kentucky - Essay Example However, this also serves to keep the page counts low for each grade and standard, and this seems like a practical and effective way for teachers to use the page for lesson planning. The CCD puts a great deal of information on a relatively small matrix, including Big Ideas, Academic Expectations, Understandings, Skills and Concepts, and Related Core Content for Assessment. It is a logical and useful organization of the information, but it sometimes seems a bit difficult to hone in on an exact specification because there is so much "going on" in the tables (KDE, Combined Curriculum Document Reading-End of Primary, 2006). The Kentucky School Laws Annotated (Kentucky General Assembly, 2006) is a different type of resource for school employees. It is organized as a codified legal document with section numbers, paragraph indicators, and other marking utilities. It addresses school funding, breakfast programs, and teacher compensation. It also cites rules for textbook purchases, IEPs, teacher tenure and retirement, and a host of other topics. It is definitely the place to go to determine if a professional decision meets the standards of conduct expected by the state of its teachers. It lists extremely specific requirements which are easy to find in the Web version by using the handy "Search" function. The Kentucky Teacher Standards (KDE, 2007) are a well-organized, easy-to-use presentation that differentiates between novices and veterans in two-column chart. Standards are organized by area. Each states in clear, precise language exactly what each teacher is expected to do in instruction, ensuring a positive learning climate, assessment, reflection, collaboration with others in the school community, professional development, and leadership. The document is short enough to easily navigate. It lists specific ways teachers can meet each expectation (e.g., find and prioritize areas for professional growth based on peer feedback). These three documents had interesting similarities and differences. For instance, the CCD is student-directed, the Teacher Standards are teacher-directed, and the School Law is court/judge/lawyer-directed. Although each has the same ultimate goal - providing a fair, effective, high-quality educational system for Kentucky's children - each is written for a different audience and intended for different uses. Two of the three did not seem to be for direct student use. Students are not likely to read about Kentucky school law, or view the Teacher Standards. Hopefully, teachers speak enough about the CCD to make students well aware of what they are, although it seems unlikely students would read the entire set of standards on their own. All three documents had much in common. They are generally not directly used by students. Each seeks to give extremely precise instructions and guidelines for conducting educational business. Each lays out actions for which different people and parties are responsible. Each document supports the educational process in a unique way. School law must be codified and available to anyone who wishes to see it. It is critical to our educational organizations. Imagine trying to play a game of SCRABBLE without knowing or agreeing upon the rules of play. It

Strategies and Definitions of 3D Animation

Strategies and Definitions of 3D Animation 2.1 Definition of Animation 2.1.1 A Technical Definition of Animation Various definitions of animation exist that cover technical, physiological, through to philosophical aspects. In a technical sense, Myers (1999, [Online]) describes animation, the form that we have become familiar with, as a series of drawings that are linked together and photographed. The drawings have been slightly changed between individualized frames so when they are played back in rapid succession there appears to be seamless movement within the drawings'(Myers 1999, [Online]). Jonsson (1978, p. 2) also describes animation in a technical sense: A strip of movie film consists of still pictures called frames each one slightly different from the one preceding it. When the film is projected and run continuously these still pictures give an illusion of movement (Jonsson 1978, p. 2). Morrison (1994, p. 5) simply defines, animation as the illusion of movement: This illusion of movement can be achieved by quickly displaying a series of images that show slight incremental changes in one of the depicted objects. If you play back these images fast enough, the eye will perceive movement (Morrison 1994, p. 5). It is safe for one to conclude that animation and motion picture in general, when viewed by a human is an illusion, the rapid succession of ordered singular frames tricking the viewers eye into perceiving there is an apparent seamless movement. This technical definition of animation is closely linked to the history and evolution of motion picture, also to human physiology and how the eye and the brain perceive movement. 2.1.2 The Beginnings of the Motion Picture Animation cannot be achieved without first understanding a fundamental principle of the human eye: the persistence of vision'(James 2002, [Online]). Animation literature shows that the appreciation of this principle is not only linked with the history of animation and motion picture but much earlier, beginning long ago in our past. Since the beginnings of time, human beings have tried to capture a sense of motion in their art'(James 2002, [Online]). Williams (2001) points out several examples; a 35,000 year old pre-historic cave painting of a boar in Northern Spain displaying four pairs of legs to show motion'(Williams 2001, p. 11). Egyptian temple paintings of figures that progressively changed position'(Williams 2001, p. 12). Ancient Greek decorated pots with figures in successive stages of action. Spinning the pot would create a sense of motion'(Williams 2001, p. 12). Other examples are cave and wall paintings, medieval tapestries, scrolls, and paintings which all tell continuous storiesand some of which attempt to illustrate repetitive motions'(James 2002, [Online]). Theories that were born in the ancient world by classical scholars were to prove very important in the genesis of animation, as The Private Lessons Channel (2002, [Online]) points out. It identifies historical figures such as the Greek Aristotle (384-322 BC), who observed light and motion after effects, dating back to 340 BC (The Private Lessons Channel 2002, [Online]). The Private Lessons Channel (2002, [Online]) then points out that later, in 130 AD, Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolemy (100-178 AD) discovered the aforementioned persistence of vision. In elaborating a point made by Thomas (1964, p. 8), one can see how these ancient scholars came to such discoveries; Imagine a torch lighted with fire, being whisked around in a circular motion in the darkness, the eye seeing a continuous unbroken circle of light. This type of phenomenon must have been known to the ancients'(Thomas 1964, p. 8). 2.1.3 A Physiological Definition of Animation The Persistence of Vision While there is evidence of a fascination with the visual documentation of movement and narrative in prehistoric and classical periods, it was not until these notions were later revisited by 19th century inventors, that modern animation principles emerged. One of these inventors was the Frenchman Peter Mark Roget, also the author of the famous Rogets Thesaurus, who in the 1820s rediscovered the vital principle, the persistence of vision'(Williams 2001, p. 13). Williams (2001, p. 13) explains the persistence of vision on the following way: This principle rests on the fact that that our eyes temporarily retain the image of anything theyve just seen. If this wasnt so, we would never get the illusion of an unbroken connection in a series of images, and neither movies nor animation would be possible. Many people dont realise the movies dont actually move, and that they are still images that appear to move when they are projected in a series (Williams 2001, p. 13). Jonsson (1978, p. 2) gives a more physiologically oriented explanation: What makes this possible is a quality of our brain called persistence of vision that is; although the frame we are viewing at any given moment is in fact still, the image burns itself onto our retina, so that it remains with us for a small fraction of time while we view the next one and if the difference seems to be a reasonable follow-on, an illusion is created (Jonsson 1978, p. 2). Concluding that technical and physiological aspects work hand-in-hand in motion picture, Jonsson (1978, p. 2) explains that for the eye to record an apparent continuous seamless movement, a certain frequency of frames per second needs to be displayed. Morrison (1994, p. 5) states that human visual acuity is low enough that only 12-15 different pictures (or frames) need to be displayed per second to produce the illusion of movement. The Private Lessons Channel (2002, [Online]) states that the number of frames per second, or fps, directly correlates to how smooth the movement appears. If the frame rate is too slow, the motion will look awkward and jerky. If the frame rate is too high the motion will blur'(The Private Lessons Channel 2002, [Online]). For the eye to record a normal, continuous movement that is not too fast, and not too slow there needs to be a frequency of around 24 to 30 fps displayed by a projector. Jonsson (1978, p. 2), states that this is the sole principle by which both live-action and animated films work. 24 fps is used in cinema, 25 fps is used for PAL television (Europe and Australia), and 30 fps is used for NTSC television (America and Japan). In relation to the illusion of movement and persistence of vision, both Wells (1998 p. 10) and Furniss (1998 p. 5) portrays the view of well-known Scottish-born animation identity Norman McClaren: Animation is not the art of drawings that move, but rather the art of movements that are drawn. What happens between each frame is more important than what happens on each frame; Animation is therefore the art of manipulating the invisible interstices that lie between the frames (McClaren qtd. in Furniss 1998 p. 5). James (2002, [Online]) states that Roget demonstrated the persistence of vision principle in his invention, the thaumatrope. James (2002, [Online]) and Williams (2001, p. 13), describe it as a disc held between two pieces of string, which was attached to both of the disc edges. Each flat side of the disc had different images; one a bird, the other an empty birdcage. Twirling of the disc with the pulling of the string results in the bird appearing to be in the cage. This proved that the eye retains images when it is exposed to a series of pictures, one at a time'(James 2002, [Online]). The Private Lessons Channel (2002, [Online]) notes that two other inventors are credited with this invention, the Frenchman Dr. John Ayrton, and Englishman Dr. Fitton, depending on the source. 2.1.4 The Early Evolution of the Motion Picture Crucial to the evolution of Animation and indeed Motion Picture were other related inventions. James (2002, [Online]) describes other optical devices of a similar nature to the thaumatrope, such as the phenakistoscopeinvented in 1826 by Joseph Plateau, and the zoetropeinvented in 1860 by Pierre Desvignes. Williams (2001, p. 14) mentions another similar invention, the praxinoscope, invented by the Frenchman Emile Reynaud in 1877. Clark (1979, p. 8) states that these contraptions relied for their effect on either an endless paper band or a cardboard disc bearing series of pictures drawn in progressive stages of an action. Viewed intermittently through slots or reflected in mirrors the drawings came to life and appeared to move'(Clark 1979, p. 8). Another invention included the flipbook, or kineograph pad, first appearing in 1868. Another important invention relevant to Motion Picture was photography. The first photographs were taken in the late 1820s by a Frenchman, Nicà ©phore Nià ©pce'(Thomas 1964, p. 6). In the 1870s Sir Charles Wheatstones moving picture stereoviewerwas created to view a series of actual photographs in ordered succession (Thomas 1964, p. 16). Thomas (1964, p. 18) points out that the first to capture and record a sequence of images, was the English/American Eadweard J. Muybridge, where he famously captured a horse and carriage trotting. He then played the captured images back in a viewing device, known as the zoopraxiscope. Another important revolution in the evolution of the Motion Picture was that of nitrate celluloid film invented by H.W. Goodwin in 1887. Nitrate celluloid film was a chemical combination of gun cotton and gum camphor'(McLaughlin 2001, [Online]). Thomas (1964, p. 29) acknowledges the birth of Cinema to the famous American inventor Thomas A. Edison, and the Scot William Kennedy Laurie Dickson. In 1892 Edison and Dickson succeeded in building a camera capable of taking moving pictures at a rate of forty-six per second on Eastman celluloid film'(Thomas 1964, p. 29). Edisons and Dicksons viewing device, influenced by Austrian Ottomar Anschà ¼tz, was named the kinetoscope. Thomas (1964, p. 29) describes it as a viewing cabinet by means of which only one person could view a film at a time. As the images were not projected, the viewer had to use a small eyepiece to look into the cabinet in order to see the moving images. Instigated and influenced by the work Edison and Dickson, other inventors set about evolving the kinetoscoperesulting in viewing devices with the ability to project images. The most well-known of these inventors were the Lumià ¨re brothers, who in 1895 designed a camera and projector which they call the cinà ©matographe'(Thomas 1964, p. 30). The Lumià ¨re brothers became the first to give a public exhibition of moving pictures'(Thomas 1964, p. 30), which they held on the 28th of December 1895, at the Grand Cafà © in Paris. It is interesting to note that Estonian animator Priit Pà ¤rn in his surrealist-inspired short film 1895, pays tribute to the Lumià ¨re brothers, and invention of the cinà ©matographe. Thomas (1964, p. 31), concludes that the interest shown by the public in these first cinema shows gave rise to a rapid growth in a new industry. In time, with the advent and advancement of various technologies and techniques, the first true animated films were born. 2.1.5 A Philosophical Definition and Discussion of Animation Animation is the art of bringing something to life. How its brought to life can be done any number of different ways, simply states Ludwin (1998, [Online]). Bringing something to life is indeed a very important theme in animation. To better understand the definition of animation, it is useful to find out the original term from which the word animation derives. Wells (1998, p. 10) notes that animation derives from the latin word animare, which means to give life to, and that the animated film largely means the artificial creation of the illusion of movement in inanimate lines and forms. The famous Zagreb School of Croatia relates the definition of to animate back to this original meaning. They suggest, that to animate is to give life and soul to a design, not through the copying but through the transformation of reality(Wells 1998, p. 10). When youre animating and moving an object, youre instilling life in something'(Lubin 2003). This leads us onto animators philosophies, ideologies and animation aesthetics. There are many differences in philosophy among animators and opinion of what the essence of animation actually is. One interesting example illustrating the philosophical differences of opinion is with respect to the extent of which animation should reflect real-life. For instance, the copying of real-life movements using motion capture techniques, are not favoured by all animators. Stefan Marjoram of the Aardman studio notes that motion capture is alright in sports games, but it doesnt necessarily make you a good animator. Animations not about copying real life, after all a lot of people use motion capture for that. For me animation is about exaggerating real life'(Ricketts 2002, p. 51). Lubin (2003) agrees: Thats absolutely right. I mean if youre doing a game and you want to get Tiger Woodsswing, fine. But Motion Capture which is only about animating humanoid animation, why bother? Just get real actors (Lubin 2003). When asked the question on what the public perception of Animation is, Tom Lubin in an interview on 1 April 2003 stated that it depends on who you askand it depends on the show. Some animation would be dismissed as stuff for something to baby-sitlittle kids with, whilst other animation has a broader market encompassing all age groups. I think the public has a very broad view of it depending on their interests'(Lubin 2003). Lubin (2003) also pointed out that animation has been successful for a really long time, and he stated that it was telling that the Academy Awards now, in the last few years, actually gives an Oscar for the best feature in animation. This has to do with the publics perception of animation as a viable stand alone'(Lubin 2003). Animation at its most creative, is a truly beautiful artform'(White 1988, p. 9). The term art and its related words feature heavily in many animation definitions and philosophies originating from the birth of modern animation. Winsor McCay the first American animator of the early 1900s, who many have dubbed the father of the animated cartoon, once stated: Animation should be an artwhat you fellows have done with it is making it into a tradenot an art, but a tradebad luck (Crandol 1999, [Online]). Crandol (1999, [Online]) points out that McCays warning and prediction inevitably became true. Indeed a studio production system with a streamlined, assembly-line processwas formed out of the necessity to satisfy time, expense and demand factors (Crandol 1999, [Online]). Wells (1998) also mentions several times that the domination and the proliferation of mass-produced cel animation'(p. 35), such as that produced in America and Japan, has led to animation being understood in a limited wayby society (p. 24). Wells (1998, p. 35) elaborates stating that: The amount of cheaply produced, highly industrialised cel animation made in the USA and Japan had colonised television schedules, and perhaps, more importantly, the imaginations of viewers (Wells 1998, p. 35). Crandol (1999, [Online]) also points out that the collective nature of the studio may prevent the artists from receiving the amount of praise an artist working solo garners. Wells (1998, p. 7) makes the point that this type of animation has somewhat diminished animation in the eyes of society as a legitimate artform: Animation has been trivialised and ignored despite its radical tendencies and self-evident artistic achievements at the technical and aesthetic level. Ironically, the dominance of the cartoon(i.e. traditional celanimation in the style of Disney or Warner Brothers, which is predicated on painting forms and figures directly onto sheets of celluloid which are then photographed) has unfortunately misrepresented and the animated film because it art seems invisible or, more precisely, is taken for granted by its viewers. The cartoon seems part of an easily dismissed popular culture; animation, as a term, at least carries with it an aspiration for recognition as an art and, indeed the popular evaluation of other animated forms (Wells 1998, p. 7). Although there appears to be a domination of the of American and Japanese style of animation and its entertainment premise as suggested, affecting the common perception of animation, large difference in styles and approaches have occurred and do exist. In an interview with an animation Domain Expert on 1 May 2003, he made the point that European animation, due to the many various nations and peoples, have contributed a large number of diverse artistic visual styles, contrasting to the American or Japanese styles. He also stated that many animated works are not always of the purely entertainment premise. One example he stated was in the communist period of Eastern Europe where animation was state controlled, focusing on allegorical social comment, the animators slipping in their own secret messages in the films past the censors. Even with the domination of industrialised mass-produced animation, and the influences it has on the audience, Crandol (1999, [Online]) remarks that there have been many animators careful not to let business logistics overwhelm the artistic potential of the medium. Crandol (1999, [Online]) concludes that as long as are creative people working, animation will continue to be the best of both worlds: a trade and an art. Tom Lubin, Head of Training at FTI (Film Television Institute), in an interview on 1 April 2003, in response to the question of animation being an art responded I think it is. Well you need art skills to do it. But actually that not as important to me as storytelling. What animation is, is storytelling. Storytelling and its importance to Animation will be specifically discussed and investigated in Chapter 3: The Principles of Storytelling. To give life towas a major inspirational theme in the animation process I went through, so to was the art of animation, as I have personally and purposefully embraced it when conducting the creative animation process. This will be touched upon in part 2 of the dissertation; The Self-Reflective Case Study. 2.2 The Animation Process The Angus Robertson Dictionary and Thesaurus (1992, p. 788) defines the word process as a series of actions which produce a change or development, and a method of doing or producing something. From these meanings the animation process can be described as what I am researching and undertaking in my Honours project; the pattern of methods an animator undertakes from start to finish in the creation of an animated work, or animation. Animation and the animation process, like many other disciplines, have undergone a paradigm shift due to technological advancements. Indeed technology has been the catalyst for many paradigm shifts as Utz (1993, p. 16) points out. Due to the ever-increasing accessibility and affordability of various technologies, an animators methods, actions and options have changed when implementing the animation process. See Appendix 2: Paradigm Shift in the Animation Process, for a more detailed discussion of this subject. Referring to these changes in the animation process, animator George Griffin believes the role of the animator in an artistic sense has changed very little: Despite the enormous upheavals in technology, the independent animators artistic role remains essentially the same: to draw time, to construct a model of ideas and emotions, using any means available (Griffin qtd. in Laybourne 1998, p. xi). 2.3 Types of Animation For a description of the various types of animation such as traditional 2D animation, stop-motion animation and computer generated 3D animation, please refer to Appendix 2: Paradigm Shift in the Animation Process. 2.4 Conclusion Through investigating the various definitions of animation it can be seen that they cover and include many different aspects. The technical definition of animation is closely linked to the history and evolution of motion picture, and this is turn is linked to the understanding of human physiology and how the eye and the brain perceive movement. The different philosophical definitions and viewpoints animators hold also cover many different aspects, varying immensely. This chapter directly relates to the practical component of the Honours project, as described in part 2 of the dissertation; The Self-Reflective Case Study. This is due to the fact that when creating the 3D animated pilot and series concept, I related to and strongly agreed with various animation philosophies that were discussed in this chapter e.g. to give life to, as mentioned beforehand. On some occasions these philosophies affected and influenced the way that I would conduct my own practical animation process. A brief investigation on societys perception of animation subject matter was also relevant for the target audience of the series concept.

Effects of Smoking

Effects of Smoking According to the Clinical Respiratory Journal an average of five million people will die globally every year from effects of tobacco smoke. The number of people that dies is shocking. Smoking has many terrible effects on the human body from effecting the lungs, heart, and even causes cancer if you did not know that already. Why do people smoke? Some people might ask. Well there is nicotine in tobacco which causes your muscles to relax and thus causing that relaxing non stressful feeling that people who smoke feels while â€Å"enjoying† a cigarette.The feeling can be eally strong for a first time smoker causing a â€Å"buzz†, since their body has not built up a tolerance to the nicotine. When people do start to build up their tolerance level, the feeling of the pleasurable â€Å"buzz† or relaxation lessens to where you must smoke more than one cigarette to feel relaxed or even a slight â€Å"buzz†. But there is a drawback nicotine is a hi ghly addictive substance. So addictive in fact that according to heart. org compares it to hardcore drug addictions like cocaine and heroin.So once people start they are caught in a trap. Heart. org states that approximately sixty-eight ercent of smokers want to quit, but are unable to stop because of the high amounts of nicotine in his/her body. But what happens to those who cannot quit? Well let me start with the place smoke gets inhaled to: The Lungs. The harmful smoke from the cigarette causes immediate life threatening damage to the lungs the second the smoke enters. According to Lung. org cigarette smoke has over 4,800 chemicals with sixty-nine known chemicals to cause cancer.Even with Just one inhale all of those chemicals will enter the lungs. Cigarette smoke has been also connected to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as chronic ronchitis and emphysema. On top of COPD, cigarettes also cause the lungs to shrink and turn black, thus causing inability to breath e deeply and less oxygen in the blood stream. That is way when smokers exercise they feel very light headed and out of breath, because there is not an ample supply of oxygen in the blood stream.How bad would that be to past out from lack of oxygen while playing with your grandkids? I would feel terrible to lead that kind of example of its 0k to smoke and cause that kind of harm to the lungs to where a person can't even spend quality family time with them. I have wondered why the lungs Just don't clean all of those nasty chemicals out, or why do smokers cough. I have found out that these two things are related. Everybody has these little hairs in their longs called cilia that help clean out mucus and harmful substances in the lungs.The smoke from a cigarette paralyzes these hairs causing mucus to build up in the lungs which gives people terrible coughs by trying to hack the mucus out of the lungs. Which if the person coughs for long enough and hard enough, the cough will cause major irritation in the throat making the person cough up blood. Now back to the chemicals, the cilia cannot clean the chemicals out of the lungs because it is the chemicals that immobilize them and will eventually all will die out and stop working if the smoker smokes long enough.Which if that happens the persons lungs will be almost beyond repair with all of the mucus build up, the chemicals causing harm, and the lungs not being able to clean out the natural substances that could already cause harm to the lungs. All in all t i is one highly deadly trio. The lungs are one of the part of the body that most people think get harmed when a person smoke, but people do not think about the heart. Almost twenty percent of people that pass away due to cardiovascular disease are directly related to smoking.That is saying that if a hundred people died from heart disease twenty of them died because of smoking, and not of high cholesterol or some other reason. That number is scary because of the fact of instead of harming one major organ the body the person is harming two. Smoking causes the heart to increase its rate of speed causing the resting heart beat to be considerably higher than the average nonsmoker. With each cigarette a person smokes the chances of artery disease goes up. Which means that also the chances of heart failure and having a heart attack goes up substantially.In some cases the threat of heart failure has a greater chance of happening than lung failure. Taking all of these factors into consideration people still smoke because it is their body and they are only harming themselves well may I say that statement is false. Secondhand smoke kills a number around 70,000 of nonsmokers a year. That's 70,000 people that care about their body day because of somebody else's stupidity and no awareness of how their choices impact others. Some smokers say that econdhand smoke is harmless, but that is a complete lie.Secondhand smoke can cause the same exact health concerns from the lungs, to the heart, and can even cause cancer. Yes, smokers are not the only ones who get cancer; it is also the people who they are around. Kids are extremely vulnerable to secondhand smoke from smokers. The kid's immunity system has not fully developed yet to even attempt to fight off the diseases from the smoke. Kids are already experiencing heart failure due to their parents' cigarettes. I have personally known a sweet kid who had trouble with his heart because his parents smoked.It is truly heart wrenching to watch it happen. If you are reading this please remind people to all of the health risks that smoking can impose. Such as cancer, lung disease, cardiovascular disease and along with telling them that smoking not only harms them but also their loved ones. Citations Carter, Charleata A. , Manoj Misra, and Robert R. Maronpot. â€Å"Tracheal Morphologic And Protein Alterations Following Short-Term Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Exposure To Rats. † Journal Of Toxi cologic Pathology 25. 3 (2012): 201-207. Academic Search Complete. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. ello, Francescopaolo D', et al.Question –  ALCOHOL, MARIJUANA, COCAINE, AND A WIDE VARIETY OF OTHER CHEMICAL AGENTS THAT ALTER PERCEPTIONS AND MOODS ARE CALLED?Answer at  https://donemyessay.com/unit-5-review/

Saints, Scholars and Schizophrenics - 1506 Words

Saints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics: Mental Illness in Rural Ireland. Nancy Scheper-Hughes 28 November 2011 Anthropology 1103- 001 Scheper-Hughes, Nancy 1979 Saints, Scholars and Schizophrenics: University of California Press â€Å"It is generally accepted that schizophrenia is a condition in which the person alters his representation of reality in order to escape or withdraw from seemingly unresolvable conflicts and from social interactions that are painful.†(Nancy quotes Hill, Lewis B 1955) as important defining quote of what is incorporated in characteristics of schizophrenia. In the mid 1970’s, in rural Ireland, cases of mental illness and schizophrenia was abnormally high; Nancy Scheper in her ethnography uncovers possible†¦show more content†¦The attitude towards sex was implemented as shameful, dirty, and guilt covered. Older men, 30’s- late 40’s, were the most common relevance of schizophrenia, which Nancy implies has part to do with sexual repression of these men. Hopelessness was often common, and sexual appendages were seen as a burden, Nancy used a personal portrait of one of the patients of the hospital to show this. (pg.331) It seems Ballybran was  " caught in between old and new social systems and moral economics† (pg. 49). The Family structure was also a large part of development unusual social habits; children were neglected of personal interaction with mother necessary for early neurological development, but at the same time overly protected by isolation at a young age. Children were made tough by being beaten at home, school, and church and began to associate human touch with negative attributes instead of comfort. They were beaten into what was considered to be â€Å"a good Irish child†, expected to be quiet, out of sight, and not to ask for things such as sweets or attention. Depending on gender and position of being born, whether it to be first born child or the runt of the family, led to differences of their responsibilities into adulthood. The last born sons began to be expected to stay home and inherit the farm, Become the â€Å"scapegoat† of the family through their illness, forcingShow MoreRe latedEssay on Saints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics 2166 Words   |  9 PagesSaints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics is the ethnographic study of a small town of An Clochan on the Dingle Peninsula in Ireland. Nancy Scheper-Hughes lived in this small village in order to gain perspective to why there was such a large number of schizophrenic cases within Ireland, and also why such a large percent were unmarried males. She wanted to dissect the issue of why these individuals were so prone to schizophrenia and what cultural factors cause these high rates. Scheper-Hughes interviewedRead MoreSaints, Scholars and Schizophrenics: Mental Illness in Rural Ireland.2308 Words   |  10 Pagesusing some form of birth control. The men are mostly shepherds, fisherman, and dairy farmers. (Scheper-hughes, 19) The people in the town sell canned goods, cigarettes, sugar and tea. It is said that the introduction of Christianity by the village saint Brendan the navigator started the period of the parish. Brandon and his band of holy monks spent a summer in ballybran on a mountain, which is now honored in his memory. They now call it mount Brandon. It is said that when Brandon was preying on aRead MoreAn Analysis Of Nancy Scheper Hughes s Saints, Scholars, And Schizophrenics Mental Illness910 Words   |  4 Pageslearn about the personality traits found among the Irish. Nancy Scheper-Hughes states that, â€Å"the Republic of Ireland has the highest hospitalization treatment rate for mental illness in the world† (Scheper-Hughes 60). The book titled, Saints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics Mental Illness in Rural Ireland, talks about the mental illness Schizophrenia and mentions reasons why the Irish population has been diagnosed with so many cases. Scheper-Hughes observes, â€Å"Schizophrenia is the core problem – more thanRead MoreCultural Dif ferences Between Social Systems And Human Relationships1614 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen argued that it may be inappropriate to speak of politics and kinship when referring to societies which themselves lack concepts of ‘politics† and â€Å"kinship†. In many cultures there are taboos, thing that people don’t speak of. Saints, Scholars and Schizophrenics by Nancy Scheper-Hughes the Irish people of â€Å"Ballybran† rarely talked about their emotions. In Pyramids and Nightclubs by L.L. Wynn, there are different cultures between Saudi Arabia and exciting Cairo. The Middle Eastern countries areRead MoreNancy Scheper-Hughes and the Question of Ethical Fieldwork Essay1967 Words   |  8 Pagestraveled to a village in rural Ireland which she later nicknamed â€Å"Ballybran† (Scheper-Hughes 2000-128)). Her findings there led her to publish Saints, Scholars and Schizophrenics: Mental Illness in Rural Ireland in 1979, in which she attempted to explain the social causes of Ireland’s surprisingly high rates of schizophrenia (Scheper-Hughes 2000:128). Saints was met with a backlash of criticism from both the anthropological community and the villagers who had served as her informants. The criticismRead More Columb us and the New World Discovery Essay4487 Words   |  18 Pagesof devastation and crime. George Santayana soon wrote of Columbus, in one of his Odes, He gave the world another world, and ruin Brought upon blameless, river-lov- ing nations, Cursed Spain with barren gold, and made the Andes Fiefs of Saint Peter. Today revisionism is in full flood. Much of it is useful and necessary. The one duty we owe to history, as Oscar Wilde said, is to rewrite it. The very phrase discovery of America is under a ban. It is pointed out, not unreasonably